Speaking about obligation in Spanish is very easy and very useful.
You can use the infinitives of the verbs so with a very small amount of knowledge you can say a lot of things.
In this lesson we are going to use 4 simple structures to speak about obligation.
TENER QUE + INFINITIVE
Tengo que estudiar más - I have to study more
Tienen que pagar la multa - They have to pay the fine.
Note: To use "tener que" (to have to) You have to know the conjugation of tener. Here it is:
Tengo - I have : Tienes - You have : Tiene - Hs/she/it has : Tenemos - We have : Teneis - You Have : Tienen - They have.
To see the full conjugation
Click Here It is avery irregular verb.
DEBER + INFINITIVE
Debo aprender francés - I must learn French
Debes ayudarme - You must help me
Note: To use "deber" (must) You have to know the conjugation of deber. Here it is:
Debo - I must : Debes- You must : Debe - Hs/she/it must : Debemos - We must: Debeis - You must : Deben - They must.
To see the full conjugation
Click Here It is a regular verb.
DEBERIA + INFINITIVE
No deberías fumar tanto - You should not smoke so much.
Deberias tener precaucion - You ought to be careful.
Note: "Deberia" is a very low form of obligation and it is more like advice. It can be translated by "should" or "ought to".
HAY QUE + INFINITIVE
Hay que sacar un examen. - You have to pass an exam. One must pass an exam.
Hay que pagar - You hay to pay. One must pay.
Note: The best translation of "hay que" is "one must" but in English that make you sound like a member of the British royal family. If you use "hay que" you don't have to mention who is making the obligation.
NOTE: If you read grammar book or online grammar lessons many of them will tell you all sorts of nonsense about the types of obligation used by must and have to etc. The examples we have used in this lesson have been harvested from our online chatroom so they represent the language that people actually use.